The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.